The same advice appears in cookery books, such as The Sultan’s Feast, as well. The use of borax to assist the cooking of meat was actually well established, and can already be found in the work of the 11th-century physician Ibn Butlan, who recommended adding borax, wax, and watermelon veins – or its peel – to the pot. Ibn Sina, for his part, only mentions Armenian borax, which is light, brittle, spongy and rosy (or white in colour), and an African variety. The 8th-century Persian physician Al-Razi (Rhazes) identified six kinds of borax: bread borax, natron, goldsmith’s b., zarawandī, willow’s b., and tinkār (gold solder). The Egyptians also added natron to tobacco, to keep it moist. When Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798, the French reported on flax being bleached in natron for six, eight or ten days, after which it was boiled in a solution of lime and natron, washed in the Nile, and then exposed to the sun. The mouth is washed with this vinegar during the Paroxysm, by which the pain is mitigated, but not taken off entirely.” I have been informed, that it is used with success in the tooth-ache, in the manner following: The salt is powdered and put into vinegar, it ferments immediately, and subsides to the bottom. The Egyptians use it, (1.) to put into bread instead of yeast (2.) To wash linen with it instead of soap. The Swedish naturalist Fredrik Hasselquist, who visited Egypt in the mid-18th century, refers to natrum (sic), as “a salt dug out of a pit or mine, near Mansura in Egypt it is by the inhabitants called Natrum, being mixt with a Lapis Calcareus (Lime-stone) that ferments with vinegar, of a whitish brown colour. The fame of Egyptian natron was such that it was exported across the Muslim world, and even beyond, to Sicily. The best variety was mined in Wadi al-Natrun, west of the Egyptian Delta, and was already used in ancient times in the mummification process, as a drying agent. Technically, borax denotes sodium borate, whereas natron is a naturally occurring mixture of sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride (salt) and sodium sulfate. In the medical and pharmacological literature, the terminology is not always consistent as natron (نطرون, natrūn) sometimes also referred to borax ( bawraq) or, more commonly, ‘Armenian borax’ ( bawraq Armanī). He found that most Egyptians suffered from hernias, to the extent that it was considered offensive to address someone as ‘Honoured sir’ (Turkish Behey devletli) as this was a polite way of referring to someone with this condition! However, Celebi stated that natron produced harmful effects such as bleary eyes, croaky voices, leprous faces, and hernias in the groin, and bellies that were so extended that it seemed as if the individual was pregnant. Other people used cow dung as fuel, which he claimed was not as good for cooking, and commonly added natron to the pot to tenderise the meat and other foods, making them cook faster. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.When the 17th-century Ottoman traveller Evliya Celebi visited Egypt, he noted that firewood was scarce there, and the preserve of the rich. The Salt Flip: Sensory mitigation of salt (and sodium) reduction with monosodium glutamate (MSG) in "Better-for-You" foods. Halim J, Bouzari A, Felder D, Guinard JX. The presence of microplastics in commercial salts from different countries. Karami A, Golieskardi A, Keong Choo C, Larat V, Galloway TS, Salamatinia B. Ninth Edition.Īmerican Heart Association. 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. iodine fortification and supplementation. An analysis of the mineral composition of pink salt available in Australia. Fayet-Moore F, Wibisono C, Carr P, et al.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |